Public Resistance to Vaccination During Epidemics: The Example of COVID-19

Objective

This article presents the findings of a review of the literature on public resistance to vaccines and the main factors that have influenced their decisions about immunoprevention, with a focus on the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

We searched the literature using the terms DeCs/MeSH, anti-vaccination movement, vaccination refusal, epidemics, COVID-19, and impacts on health, using the Boolean operators OR and AND in Google Scholar, Medline, Lilacs, and Ibecs. Documents from official sources were also considered.

The Pan American Health Organization's Virtual Campus for Public Health as a technical cooperation strategy

The Virtual Campus for Public Health (VCPH) is the educational platform of the Pan American Health Organization, conceived as a tool for technical cooperation. The objectives of this article are to: characterize the training offered at the VCPH, identifying its virtual courses; characterize course participants; describe technological updating processes and the advances made in terms of accessibility; and identify the VCPH's relationship with the main lines of cooperation of the Pan American Health Organization.

United States Food and Drug Administration’s authorization of reduced exposure claims for IQOS®: implications for regulation in Latin America

Philip Morris International has used the July 7, 2020 United States Food and Drug Administration’s (US FDA) modified risk tobacco product order for IQOS®, which authorized certain reduced exposure marketing claims, as a corporate strategy to promote and normalize its heated tobacco products in Latin America. The modified risk tobacco product orders are based on the US’s unique regulatory system that is not, and should not be, replicated anywhere else in the world.

First genetic characterization of human cystic echinococcosis in Uruguay

Cystic echinococcosis is endemic and hyperendemic in Uruguay. The objective of this study was to determine the species and genotype of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato in symptomatic patients with cystic echinococcosis who underwent surgery, together with the location and stage of the cysts. The study included 13 patients aged between 6 and 57 years old. Samples of cysts from these cases were analyzed using DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing. The results revealed the presence of E.

The case for investment in tobacco control: lessons from four countries in the Americas

Objective

To synthesize learnings from four national tobacco control investment cases conducted in the Americas (Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Suriname) under the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) 2030 project, to describe results and how national health authorities have used the cases, and to discuss implications for the role of investment cases in advancing tobacco control.

Tackling tobacco control beyond health: a comprehensive approach

Tobacco use is a common risk factor for the four main non-communicable diseases, claiming more than eight million lives globally every year and over one million lives annually in the Americas. Its effects are extensive and cross-cutting, including health, social, economic, and environmental. Encouragingly, there has been significant progress in combatting the tobacco epidemic in the Region of the Americas over the past two decades since the entry into force of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) in 2005.

Using MPOWER policies to address tobacco impact on the environment

[Extract ] It is now well established that the entire tobacco production and consumption chain harms the environment.(1-10) Although research continues to emerge documenting the extent of the negative impact of tobacco products, as well as electronic nicotine delivery systems and electronic non-nicotine delivery systems, on the environment, and the associated costs of this impact, the evidence is sufficient to warrant a discussion of a range of policies to mitigate current and prevent future harms to the environment caused by these products.

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