World hepatitis day

The mission of the Pan American Journal of Public Health is to serve as an important vehicle for disseminating scientific public health information relevant to the Region of the Americas. The journal aims to strengthen national and local health systems and to bridge the gap between health care and policy-makers, ultimately improving the health of the peoples of the Americas.

AI’s ongoing impact: Implications of AI’s effects on health equity for women’s healthcare providers

Objective

To assess the effects of the current use of artificial intelligence (AI) in women’s health on health equity, specifically in primary and secondary prevention efforts among women. 

Methods

Two databases, Scopus and PubMed, were used to conduct this narrative review. The keywords included “artificial intelligence,” “machine learning,” “women’s health,” “screen,” “risk factor,” and “prevent,” and papers were filtered only to include those about AI models that general practitioners may use. 

Regulation and performance of health systems: a review of analytical frameworks

The private health sector has expanded significantly in recent decades, both in Latin America and other regions. Governments and international organizations have dealt with this process in a heterogeneous manner. A policy approach and, above all, a regulatory framework, are required in order to put health objectives and the right to health above the profit motive that drives private sector participation. This paper reviews frameworks for analyzing the performance of health systems and the regulation of financing and service provision, primarily (but not exclusively) in the private sector.

Critical factors for institutionalizing evidence-informed decision-making in healthcare organizations

Objective

To map critical factors for sustainable processes in the institutionalization of evidence-informed decision-making in public health organizations. 

Method

A rapid critical interpretative synthesis was carried out based on searches conducted in databases, websites, and reference lists, with findings categorized into an appropriate framework. 

Political support and micro-planning as success factors in a high-quality follow-up vaccination campaign in Ecuador, 2023

Objective

To describe the results, achievements, and lessons learned through administrative coverage and rapid monitoring of a follow-up vaccination campaign, in the context of political prioritization and micro-planning as determining factors in the different stages of follow-up campaigns, and the application of these good practices to strengthen the National Immunization Program. 

Alcohol use, heavy episodic drinking, and associated cardiovascular risk in Guyana

Objective

To determine associations between demographic characteristics, alcohol use, heavy episodic drinking (HED), and cardiovascular risk factors using the 2016 Guyana World Health Organization (WHO) STEPwise noncommunicable diseases risk factor survey. 

Methods

A weighted sample was used in a secondary analysis of data obtained from an online database. Descriptive statistics, binary logistic regression, and linear regression models were applied to identify which subpopulations were at highest risk of HED or cardiovascular disease. 

Using data systems to conduct health research in the Caribbean: challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic

We aimed to assess how control measures during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic affected the metabolic health of people with noncommunicable diseases when severe restrictions on movement and safety concerns prevented the use of traditional methods of health data collection. To identify study participants, we attempted to use hospital laboratory databases in Jamaica, Barbados, and Trinidad and Tobago.

Vaccine-associated poliomyelitis: safety of the oral poliovirus vaccine, Brazil, 2013–2023

Objective

To quantify the occurrence of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) cases in Brazil from January 2013 to May 2023. 

Methods

A descriptive study was conducted on VAPP cases reported as events supposedly attributable to vaccination or immunization (ESAVI) following oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) administration. VAPP cases were defined as acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) with isolation of vaccine-derived poliovirus in stool samples and persistence of motor deficits after 60 days. 

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