Equity throughout the life course and the evolving role of the Pan American Health Organization

The objective of this article is to summarize the evolution of the regional commitments of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) on health promotion and strategies to improve the health and well-being of women, children, adolescents, and older persons. PAHO regional strategies approved by Member States in the last 20 years are used as the main source of information. The article presents the challenges of making health promotion a public health strategy widely applied in the Region of the Americas and the efforts to renew Member States’ collective actions.

Operational research to strengthen evidence-based interventions to tackle antimicrobial resistance in the Region of the Americas

Extract (no abstract available). Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is known to be among the most substantial threats to public health around the world. Mainly associated with the over- and misuse of antimicrobials in human and veterinary medicine and agriculture, AMR was exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic (1). Limiting the emergence and spread of AMR pathogens is critical to preserving the ability to treat diseases in humans, animals, and plants; to enhancing food safety; and to protecting the environment (2).

Vaccination Week in the Americas

International Health Days are commemorations that call the attention of the public on one public health issue; for most of them, in this section the reader will find a selection of published manuscripts with links to the full-text papers.

Immunization programs promote the health and wealth of nations. Vaccination contributes to improved population health, which may potentially translate into lasting, positive impacts on the economy.

Adherence to guidelines on the use of amoxicillin for treatment of ambulatory pneumonia in children younger than 5 years, Colombia, 2017–2019

Objectives

To determine the level of adherence to clinical guidelines in prescribing amoxicillin to children younger than 5 years with pneumonia in outpatient settings in Colombia from 2017 to 2019, and assess the factors associated with adherence

Colistin resistance in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in humans and backyard animals in Ecuador

Objective

Colistin is an antibiotic of last resort for treating serious Gram-negative bacterial infections. However, the misuse of colistin, especially as an animal growth promoter, has contributed to increasing antimicrobial resistance, mediated mainly through plasmid transfer of the mcr-1 gene. This study assessed the prevalence of phenotypic and molecular colistin resistance in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Ecuador in healthy humans and their chickens and pigs.

Multidrug-resistant Salmonella spp. in fecal samples of pigs with suspected salmonellosis in Antioquia, Colombia, 2019–2021

Objectives

To determine the proportion of Salmonella enterica in fecal samples of live pigs with suspected salmonellosis analyzed at the diagnostic unit of the University of Antioquia, Colombia between 2019 and 2021, and examine the serotypes and antimicrobial resistance patterns.

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