Objective.
To estimate the trend in infant mortality, inequality between jurisdictions, and inequality associated with social conditions in Argentina between 1980 and 2017.
Methods.
An ecological and time-series study of infant mortality and inequality. Official data on infant mortality, births, and unmet basic needs were obtained; the infant mortality rate, the Gini index, and the concentration index were calculated. The trend was also analyzed with a linear regression model and the regression coefficient and its statistical significance were calculated.
Results.
Infant mortality was reduced by 71.2% (from 32.41 to 9.34 per 1 000 live births). Inequality by jurisdiction also decreased, and the Gini index fell from 0,163 to 0,09. Inequality associated with social conditions also showed a reduction, and the concentration index was reduced from -0.153 to -0.079. Although infant mortality declined throughout the period, this decline was not always accompanied by a reduction in the Gini index and the concentration index.
Conclusions.
The trend in the infant mortality rate decreased while the inequality in its distribution by jurisdiction
and the inequality associated with social conditions did not always accompany this reduction.