Revista Panamericana de salud Pública/Pan American Journal of Public Health

Prescription patterns for antilipidemic drugs in a group of Colombian patients

Objectives. To determine patterns in antilipidemic drug prescriptions among a group of patients covered by the General Social Security System (Sistema General de Seguridad Social) in Colombia.
Methods. A descriptive, observational study was conducted of 41 580 hyperlipidemics of both sexes, who were over 20 years of age, undergoing treatment from at least April to June 2006, and were residents of one of 19 cities in Colombia. A database was created to track prescription data collected by the pharmaceutical company that dispenses medications to the patients.
Results. The mean age was 58.4±13.5 years; 58.9% of the participants were women. Of the total number of patients, 95.6% were receiving monotherapy, while 4.4% were receiving two or more antilipidemics. Prescriptions were ranked as follows: statins (70.9%), fibrates (27.5%), bile acid sequestrant resins (0.9%), and others (0.7%), all at low dosage levels. The most common therapy combinations were lovastatin + gemfibrozil (n = 1 568), cholestyramine + gemfibrozil (n = 92), and cholestyramine + lovastatin (n = 78). Comedications most frequently prescribed were: antihypertensive (60.9%), antiinflammatory (56.5%), antiulcer (22.9%), and antidiabetes drugs (20.6%), and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, 3.8%). Antianginals and ASA were being underused, while antiinflamatories and antiulcer drugs were being overused.
Conclusions. Dyslipidemia is a primary risk factor for developing coronary heart disease and stroke, frequent causes of morbidity and mortality in Colombia and the world. All of the antilipidemics are being used at lower-than-recommended dosage levels. Clearly there is a need for creating educational strategies to address these prescribing habits and for exploring clinical results of the pharmaceuticals studied.

Objetivos. Determinar los patrones de prescripción de medicamentos antilipémicos en un grupo de afiliados al Sistema General de Seguridad Social en Salud de Colombia.
Métodos. Estudio descriptivo observacional con 41 580 dislipidémicos de ambos sexos, mayores de 20 años, con tratamiento, al menos, de abril a junio de 2006 y residentes en 19 ciudades colombianas. Se diseñó una base de datos de registros sobre consumo de medicamentos, capturados por la empresa que distribuye los fármacos a los pacientes.
Resultados. Edad promedio de 58,4 ± 13,5 años; 58,9% de los participantes son mujeres. Del total de pacientes, 95,6% recibían monoterapia y 4,4% dos o más antilipémicos. El orden de prescripción de los medicamentos fue: estatinas (70,9%), fibratos (27,5%), resinas fijadoras de colesterol (0,9%) y otros (0,7%), todos a dosis bajas. Las combinaciones más empleadas fueron lovastatina + gemfibrozilo (n = 1 568), colestiramina + gemfibrozilo (n = 92), colestiramina + lovastatina (n = 78). La comedicación más prescrita fue: antihipertensivos (60,9%), antiinflamatorios (56,5%), antiulcerosos (22,9%), antidiabéticos (20,6%), ASA (3,8%). Existe subempleo de antianginosos y ASA y sobreempleo de antiinflamatorios y antiulcerosos.
Conclusiones. La dislipidemia es un factor de riesgo primario para desarrollar enfermedad coronaria y accidentes cerebrovasculares, causas frecuentes de morbilidad y mortalidad en Colombia y el mundo. Todos los antilipémicos se emplean en dosis menores a las recomendadas. Se plantea la necesidad de diseñar estrategias educativas para corregir algunos hábitos de prescripción y explorar resultados clínicos de formulaciones estudiadas.

Non-HDL cholesterol levels in students aged 7 to 17 years in a Brazilian town

Objective. To describe the levels of non-HDL cholesterol and correlated factors in a group of Brazilian male and female children and adolescents.
Methods. From March to October 2002 we evaluated 2 029 schoolchildren from 7 to 17 years old in the town of Maracaí, São Paulo, Brazil. The biochemical determinations of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were carried out using enzymatic reactions and the Vitros 750 analyzer. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels were calculated using the Friedewald formula: LDL cholesterol = total cholesterol – HDL cholesterol – (triglycerides/5). Non-HDL cholesterol was calculated by subtracting HDL cholesterol from total cholesterol.
Results. The correlation between non-HDL cholesterol levels and LDL cholesterol levels was 0.971 (P < 0.001). Non-HDL cholesterol had a stronger correlation than did LDL cholesterol with all the variables under study: total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, very low-density lipoproteins, body mass index, and waist circumference. The non-HDL cutpoints identified as corresponding to the four cutpoints of LDL cholesterol (110, 130, 160, and 190 mg/dL) indicating the need to treat dyslipidemia in children and adolescents were, respectively: 127.8, 149.2, 181.2, and 213.2 mg/dL.
Conclusions. Our findings contribute toward estimating non-HDL levels in Brazilian children and adolescents. The results also indicate that non-HDL cholesterol is a reliable and less costly method for researching the presence of dyslipidemias in this age group.

Objetivo. Descrever os níveis de colesterol não-HDL e os fatores correlatos em um grupo de crianças e adolescentes brasileiros.
Métodos. De março a outubro de 2002, foram avaliados 2 029 escolares de ambos os sexos com idade entre 7 e 17 anos em Maracaí, Estado de São Paulo. As dosagens bioquímicas foram realizadas com kits de química seca e auto-analisador Vitros 750. O colesterol LDL foi calculado pela fórmula de Friedewald (colesterol LDL = colesterol total – colesterol HDL – triglicérides/ 5). O colesterol não-HDL foi calculado pela diferença entre o colesterol total e o HDL.
Resultados. A correlação entre o colesterol não-HDL e LDL foi de 0,971 (P < 0,001). O colesterol não-HDL apresentou melhor correlação em comparação ao LDL com todas as variáveis estudadas: colesterol total, triglicérides, lipoproteínas de alta densidade (HDL-c), lipoproteínas de muito baixa densidade (VLDL-c), índice de massa corporal e cintura abdominal. Os pontos de corte de colesterol não-HDL identificados como sendo indicadores da necessidade de tratamento para dislipidemia em crianças e adolescentes foram: 127,8, 149,2, 181,2 e 213,2 mg/dL.
Conclusões. Os resultados deste estudo contribuem para uma estimativa dos valores de colesterol não-HDL na população de crianças e adolescentes brasileiros e indicam que o colesterol não-HDL é um método confiável e de menor custo para investigar a presença de dislipidemias em crianças e adolescentes.